Fennel Seed Oil
Fennel Seed Oil
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Classic masculine edge with vintage appeal.
Sharp aromatic lift with herbaceous depth.
Authentic licorice-anise warmth for fougères.
For larger amounts please contact us.
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Use Sweet Fennel at 0.06-4.4% for gentle anisic warmth in floral accords and gourmand compositions. The powdery, vintage effect works particularly well with rose and white florals. Bitter Fennel functions as a sharp aromatic top note that cuts through overly sweet compositions whilst providing the signature lift in classic fougère structures.
Sweet Fennel integrates smoothly into oriental and floral bases where you need herbaceous sweetness without harshness. Fennel oil delivers the essential masculine edge in aromatic compositions, bridging lavender top notes with coumarin bases through its unique anisic-camphoraceous character. This oil functions primarily as top to middle notes with excellent tenacity.
Fennel seeds have a similar appearance to caraway and cumin seeds; the main differentiator is that fennel seeds are distinctly green in colour.
Synergies: Lavender, Geranium, Rose, Sandalwood, Bergamot, Basil, Clary Sage, Coumarin, Oakmoss.
Fennel Seed Oil shows balanced behaviour with moderate strength (6/10) and proportional impact in blends (6/10). Versatile and predictable to work with.
- Country of Origin
- Egypt
- IFRA 51
- 1.296% in finished product (Cat. 4)
- Odour Family
- Aromatic
- Appearance
- Colourless liquid
- Longevity
- Lasts 24 hours on a smelling strip.
- INCI Name
- FOENICULUM VULGARE OIL
Fennel Oil presents a powerful herbaceous-spicy aroma with distinct licorice character, ranging from sweet and powdery to sharp and camphoraceous depending on variety.
Creates aromatic fougère structures, adds spicy lift to compositions, provides distinctive anisic character in masculine fragrances.
Fraterworks® is strictly a reseller of this product and is neither an agent nor official distributor for Payan Bertrand, and is not affiliated with or endorsed by them.
General Information
General Information
Like most suppliers and makers of quality raw materials for fragrances, we do not filter many of our products. This ensures that no odiferous matter is lost prior to use but can result in the appearance of small particles or slight clouding.
All alcoholic fragrances should be macerated for up to a month and then chilled in a moderate freezer overnight before being filtered fine. This will remove all cloudiness or detritus and is the industry norm.
IFRA Standards
IFRA Standards
Permitted amounts in finished product:
IFRA 51: 1.296%
These are derived from calculated concentrations which do not replace chromatographic quantification on individual lots. Disclaimer...
For Trade Use Only
For Trade Use Only
Our products are intended as building blocks in the perfume creation process; they are not to be applied to the skin undiluted.
These raw materials are for use by the perfumery trade only.

Usage in Perfumery
Fennel Seed Oil appears in 1% of the perfumes we have analysed, at a median of 0.5% of the concentrate.
- Odour
- Sweet, anise, spicy, earthy, peppery
- Family
- Aromatic
- Common dilutions
- 10%
- Substantivity
- 24 hours on a smelling strip
Free formulasF*** Fabulous (0.7%), Derby 1985 (0.55%), Bel Respiro (0.1%)
Also known by 29 other names
bitter; fennel EO; fennel oil - sweet; fennel oil bitter; fennel oil france / corsica organic; fennel oil sweet FCC; fennel oil sweet russia; fennel oil sweet, natural; fennel oil, bitter; fennel oil, sweet; fennel roman oil; fennel seed essential oil; fennel seed oil bitter; fennel seed oil bitter CO2 extract; fennel seed oil lithuania; fennel seed oil spain; fennel seed oil sweet; fennel sweet EO; fennel sweet ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet); fennel sweet oil organic; fennel sweet TICO natural (Takasago); foeniculum vulgare mill. ssp. vulgare var. dulce d.c. oil; foeniculum vulgare mill. ssp. vulgare var. vulgare (mill.) thell. seed oil CO2 extract; foeniculum vulgare mill. ssp. vulgare var. vulgare (mill.) thell. seed oil spain; foeniculum vulgare mill. var. dulce d.c. oil; foeniculum vulgare mill. var. vulgare (mill.) thell. seed oil lithuania; foeniculum vulgare mill. var. vulgare (mill.) thell. seed oil spain; oil sweet fennel FCC; sweet
Statistics drawn from published GCMS analyses, commercial and demonstration formulas. References to third-party perfumes, brand names and trade marks are solely for identification and comparison. Formulas not made, supplied, licensed, authorised, sponsored or endorsed by the manufacturer or trade mark owner.
What Fennel is made of
A Fraterworks analysis of the published chemical compositions of Foeniculum vulgare Miller, showing the median and observed range of each constituent across 34 studies.
Fraterworks Composition Combined from 34 published analyses — median and observed range
| Constituent | CAS | Median | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anethole (total isomers) | 4180-23-8 | 58.12% | 0.35–88.5% |
| Dill apiole | 484-31-1 | 55.75% | 55.75% |
| Piperitenone oxide | 5945-46-0 | 17.85% | 17.85% |
| Fenchone | 1195-79-5 | 7.46% | 0.3–44.35% |
| Limonene | 138-86-3 | 4.29% | 0.78–54.65% |
| Methyl chavicol | 140-67-0 | 3.24% | 0.9–73.07% |
| alpha-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 2.25% | 0.2–25.58% |
| Apiole | 523-80-8 | 2% | 2% |
| alpha-Phellandrene | 99-83-2 | 1.91% | 0.01–25.44% |
| Myristicin | 607-91-0 | 1.65% | 1.65% |
| Carvacrol | 99-75-2 | 1.3% | 1.3% |
| Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 0.935% | 0.01–8.3% |
| Anethole epoxide | 0.89% | 0.05–1.73% | |
| para-Cymene | 99-87-6 | 0.87% | 0.01–8.18% |
| gamma-Terpinene | 99-85-4 | 0.83% | 0.1–10.16% |
| beta-Pinene | 127-91-3 | 0.82% | 0.01–4.15% |
| Citral | 5392-40-5 | 0.8% | 0.1–1.5% |
| Foeniculin | 78259-41-3 | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Piperitenone | 491-09-8 | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| beta-Phellandrene | 555-10-2 | 0.625% | 0.21–1.72% |
| Sabinene hydrate (total isomers) | 17699-16-0 | 0.62% | 0.62% |
| meta-Cymene | 535-77-3 | 0.58% | 0.58% |
| beta-Ocimene | 13877-91-3 | 0.55% | 0.55% |
| Isomyristicin | 18312-21-5 | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| Triacontane | 638-68-6 | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| beta-Ocimene (total isomers) | 3338-55-4 | 0.39% | 0.01–1.7% |
| 1,8-Cineole | 470-82-6 | 0.385% | 0.01–5.01% |
| Germacrene D | 23986-74-5 | 0.34% | 0.32–0.36% |
| beta-Caryophyllene | 87-44-5 | 0.33% | 0.33% |
| alpha-Thujene | 3917-48-4 | 0.325% | 0.04–0.86% |
| delta-3-Carene | 13466-78-9 | 0.24% | 0.1–3.7% |
| p-Methoxyphenylacetone | 122-84-9 | 0.225% | 0.01–1.12% |
| Anisaldehyde | 123-11-5 | 0.22% | 0.01–3.5% |
| (Z)-Anethole | 25679-28-1 | 0.205% | 0.01–3.47% |
| Camphene | 79-92-5 | 0.2% | 0.01–1.31% |
| Camphor | 76-22-2 | 0.2% | 0.04–0.76% |
| Sabinene | 3387-41-5 | 0.17% | 0.01–0.53% |
| Limonene-1,2-epoxide (total isomers) | 4680-24-4 | 0.15% | 0.15% |
| Terpinolene | 586-62-9 | 0.15% | 0.1–7.35% |
| beta-Bisabolene | 495-61-4 | 0.15% | 0.15% |
| alpha-Fenchol | 2217-02-9 | 0.13% | 0.01–0.7% |
| delta-Cadinene | 483-76-1 | 0.12% | 0.12% |
| Farnesene (unknown isomer) | 97885-54-6 | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| gamma-Cadinene | 39029-41-9 | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| Carvone | 99-49-0 | 0.1% | 0.01–0.1% |
| Octanal | 124-13-0 | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Decanal | 112-31-2 | 0.075% | 0.02–0.13% |
| Fenchyl acetate | 13851-11-1 | 0.065% | 0.03–0.1% |
| beta-Fenchene | 33404-67-0 | 0.06% | 0.03–0.09% |
| Menthol | 89-78-1 | 0.06% | 0.01–0.11% |
| alpha-Fenchene | 471-84-1 | 0.055% | 0.04–0.07% |
| alpha-Terpinene | 99-86-5 | 0.05% | 0.03–0.8% |
| alpha-Terpineol | 98-55-5 | 0.05% | 0.01–0.51% |
| Linalool | 78-70-6 | 0.05% | 0.01–0.5% |
| Linalyl acetate | 115-95-7 | 0.045% | 0.04–0.05% |
| Nonanal | 124-19-6 | 0.045% | 0.03–2.49% |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 562-74-3 | 0.04% | 0.01–0.5% |
| beta-Fenchol | 470-08-6 | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| Citronellal | 106-23-0 | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| trans-Carveol | 1197-07-5 | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| 4-Thujanol | 546-79-2 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Fenchol | 1632-73-1 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Menthone | 0.01% | 0.01% | |
| Thujone (unknown isomer) | 471-15-8 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Fennel, bitter 1Lawrence, B.M., New Trends in Essential Oils, Perf. Flav., Vol. 5, 10-17 (August/September 1980)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-834.8%
- Fenchone 1195-79-524.3%
- Limonene138-86-315.7%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-211.1%
- Myrcene123-35-34.5%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-83.1%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.1%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-41%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.6%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.6%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.3%
- Camphene 79-92-50.1%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.1%
- Camphor76-22-20.1%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.1%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.1%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.1%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.1%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.05%
- Linalool78-70-60.05%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.05%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.05%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.05%
Fennel, bitter (Portugal)Rodrigues Roque, O de L., and Proencha da Cunha, A., Compascao do oleo essencial de Foeniculum vulgare Miller espontaneo de Algarve, Bol. Fac. Farm. (Coimbra), Vol. 13 (Jan.-June), 45-52 (1989)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-823%
- Fenchone 1195-79-520%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-019%
- Limonene138-86-310%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-28.13%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-86.9%
- para-Cymene 99-87-66.3%
- beta-Pinene127-91-32.43%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.56%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.71%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.59%
- Camphene 79-92-50.46%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.4%
- Myrcene123-35-30.35%
- Decanal112-31-20.13%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.1%
Fennel, bitter, stem (Turkey)Akgul, A., and Bayrak, A., Comparative volatile oil composition of various parts from Turkish bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) (stem oil), Food Chem., Vol. 30, 319-323 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-837.07%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-814.12%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-213.2%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-410.16%
- para-Cymene 99-87-68.18%
- Fenchone 1195-79-54.75%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.15%
- Myrcene123-35-32.07%
- Limonene138-86-31.25%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.13%
- Camphene 79-92-50.23%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.01%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.01%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.01%
Fennel, bitter, leaf (Turkey)Akgul, A., and Bayrak, A., Comparative volatile oil composition of various parts from Turkish bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare), Food Chem., Vol. 30, 319-323 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-829.7%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-825.58%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-225.44%
- Fenchone 1195-79-53.14%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-03.11%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.87%
- Limonene138-86-31.72%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.25%
- Myrcene123-35-31.2%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.14%
- Camphene 79-92-50.53%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.23%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.01%
Fennel, bitter, umbel flower (Turkey)Akgul, A., and Bayraj, A., Comparative volatile oil composition of various parts from Turkish bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) (flowering umbel oil), Food Chem., Vol. 30, 319-323 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-854.22%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-813.3%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-210.72%
- Fenchone 1195-79-55.43%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.28%
- para-Cymene 99-87-62.16%
- beta-Pinene127-91-32.15%
- Myrcene123-35-31.88%
- Limonene138-86-31.1%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.02%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.23%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.15%
- Camphene 79-92-50.01%
Fennel, bitter, flower (Turkey)Akgul, A., and Bayrak, A., Comparative volatile oil composition of various parts from Turkish bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) (flower oil), Food Chem., Vol. 30, 319-323 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-861.08%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-811.27%
- Fenchone 1195-79-56.92%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-25.97%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.94%
- para-Cymene 99-87-62.21%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.93%
- Limonene138-86-31.39%
- Myrcene123-35-31.16%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.95%
- Camphene 79-92-50.65%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.28%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.13%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.01%
Fennel, bitter, fruit (Turkey)Akgul, A., and Bayrak, A., Comparative volatile oil composition of various parts from Turkish bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) (fruit oil), Food Chem., Vol. 30, 319-323 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-864.71%
- Fenchone 1195-79-513.85%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-04.96%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-83.18%
- Limonene138-86-32.89%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.78%
- Myrcene123-35-31.32%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.17%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-21.15%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-91.12%
- Camphene 79-92-50.93%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.83%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.38%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.01%
Fennel, bitter (Italy) 2Piccaglia, R., and Marotti, M., Characterization of Several Aromatic Plants Grown in Northern Italy, Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 8, 115-122 (1993)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-881.85%
- Fenchone 1195-79-510.21%
- Limonene138-86-34.85%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-11.7%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.35%
- Camphor76-22-20.2%
- Myrcene123-35-30.17%
- Menthol89-78-10.11%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.1%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.1%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.09%
- Camphene 79-92-50.04%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.01%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.01%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.01%
- Linalool78-70-60.01%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
- Menthone 0.01%
Fennel, bitter (Hungary)Formacek, V., & K.-H. Kubeczka, Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, pp. 93-94, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1982)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-847.59%
- Fenchone 1195-79-514.65%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-811%
- Limonene138-86-310.33%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-23.48%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.34%
- Myrcene123-35-31.8%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.63%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.28%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-61%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.87%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.73%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.61%
- Camphene 79-92-50.49%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.42%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.27%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.24%
- Camphor76-22-20.21%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.18%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.17%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.16%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.15%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.11%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.05%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.04%
- alpha-Fenchene 471-84-10.04%
- beta-Fenchene 33404-67-00.03%
- Linalool78-70-60.01%
Fennel, bitter (Spain) 1Formacek, V., & K.-H. Kubeczka, Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, pp. 93-100, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1982)
- Limonene138-86-328.58%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-815%
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-814.48%
- Fenchone 1195-79-511.8%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-210.88%
- beta-Pinene127-91-34.15%
- Myrcene123-35-33.13%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-21.72%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-61.72%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-01.44%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.34%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-41.28%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.86%
- Camphene 79-92-50.7%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.51%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.41%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.36%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.32%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.21%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.21%
- Camphor76-22-20.13%
- beta-Fenchene 33404-67-00.09%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.08%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.08%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.08%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.08%
- alpha-Fenchene 471-84-10.07%
- Linalool78-70-60.01%
Fennel, bitter (China) 1Ma, X.-Y., Z.-X. Li & Y.-Z. Chen, Chemical Composition of the volatile oil from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. of Mienqien, J. Lanzhou Univ., Vol. 25 (2), 68-71 (1989)
- Anethole104-46-176.04%
- Limonene138-86-34.7%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-04.1%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-93.7%
- Fenchone 1195-79-53.5%
- para-Cymene 99-87-62.97%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-81.4%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.98%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.64%
- beta-Ocimene13877-91-30.55%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.13%
- gamma-Cadinene 39029-41-90.11%
- Farnesene (unknown isomer) 97885-54-60.11%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.05%
- Camphene 79-92-50.05%
- Camphor76-22-20.05%
Fennel, bitter 2Betts, T.J., Possible value for the gaschromatographic analysis of essential oils of some unusual phase commercial capillaries (anal. on 4 stationary phases), J. Chromatog., Vol. 626, 294-300 (1992)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-866.5%
- Limonene138-86-311.5%
- Fenchone 1195-79-56.5%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-04.1%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-24%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-81.7%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.4%
- Foeniculin 78259-41-30.8%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.6%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.6%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.3%
Fennel, bitter (China) 2Liangfeng Zhu, Li Yonghua, Li Baoling, Lu Biyao & Xia Nianhe, Aromatic Plants and Essential Constituents, p. 79, South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hai Feng Publishing Co., Chinese National Node for APINMAP, distributed by Peace Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong (1993)
- Anethole104-46-185.13%
- Limonene138-86-34.58%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-03.15%
- Fenchone 1195-79-53.03%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.97%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.63%
- meta-Cymene 535-77-30.58%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.22%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.17%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.17%
- Myrcene123-35-30.14%
Fennel, bitter (Italy) 1Marotti, M., and Piccaglia, R., The Influence of Distillation Conditions on the Essential Oil Composition of Three Varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (average of 7 samples), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 4, 569-576 (1992)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-885%
- Fenchone 1195-79-56.5%
- Limonene138-86-34%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.3%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.4%
- Myrcene123-35-30.2%
- Camphor76-22-20.15%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.1%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.1%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.1%
- Camphene 79-92-50.05%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.05%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.05%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.05%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.02%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
Fennel, bitter, seedling (France)Lamarti, A., Badoc, A., and Carde, J.-P., Etude Chromatographique de l'huile essentielle de la Plantule de fenouil amer (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.); characteristiques spectrales de ses const, Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux, Vol. 13, 73-89 (1993)
- Dill apiole 484-31-155.75%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-213.65%
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-811.4%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-82.25%
- Apiole 523-80-82%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-11.75%
- Limonene138-86-31.65%
- Myristicin 607-91-01.65%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.25%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.95%
- Fenchone 1195-79-50.9%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-00.9%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.7%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.65%
- Linalool78-70-60.5%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.5%
- Isomyristicin 18312-21-50.5%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.4%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.2%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.15%
- Carvone 99-49-00.1%
- Fenchyl acetate 13851-11-10.1%
- Camphene 79-92-50.05%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.05%
- Myrcene123-35-30.05%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.05%
- Camphor76-22-20.05%
Fennel, bitter (Spain) 2Guillen, M.D., and Manzanos, M.J., A study of several parts of the plant Foeniculum vulgare as a source of compounds with industrial interest (analyses op 7 seed extracts), Food Res. International, Vol. 29, 85-88
- Methyl chavicol140-67-050%
- Fenchone 1195-79-520%
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-815%
- Limonene138-86-34%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-81%
- Myrcene123-35-31%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.5%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.5%
- Camphor76-22-20.5%
- Triacontane 638-68-60.5%
- Camphene 79-92-50.2%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.2%
- Linalool78-70-60.05%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.01%
- 4-Thujanol 546-79-20.01%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.01%
Fennel, bitter 3a, fruit headspaceKubeczka, K.-H., New Approaches in Essential Oil Analysis using Polymer-coated Silica Fibers, in: Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Essential Oils, Vienna 1996, pp. 139-146, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL, USA (1997)
- Fenchone 1195-79-544.35%
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-817.43%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-811.69%
- Limonene138-86-34%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.91%
- Nonanal124-19-62.49%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-52%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.83%
- Anethole epoxide 1.73%
- Myrcene123-35-31.39%
- Camphene 79-92-51.31%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-61.1%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.82%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.82%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.82%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.81%
- Camphor76-22-20.69%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.53%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.53%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.16%
Fennel, bitter 3b, fruit oilKubeczka, K.-H., New Approaches in Essential Oil Analysis using Polymer-coated Silica Fibers, in: Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Essential Oils, Vienna 1996, pp. 139-146, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL, USA (1997)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-855.15%
- Fenchone 1195-79-526.36%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-03.68%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-53.5%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-82.99%
- Limonene138-86-31.5%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.76%
- Camphor76-22-20.76%
- Myrcene123-35-30.38%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.33%
- Camphene 79-92-50.31%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.25%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.22%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.22%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.21%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.18%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.15%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.14%
- Anethole epoxide 0.05%
- Nonanal124-19-60.04%
Fennel, bitter (Spain) 3Garcia-Jimenez, N., Perez-Alonso, M.J., and Velasco-Negueruela, A.V., Chemical Composition of Fennel Oil, Foeniculum vulgare Miller, from Spain (average of 7 analyses of oils from various locations), J. Essent. Oil Res., 159-162 (Mar/Apr 2000)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-820%
- Fenchone 1195-79-520%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-215%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-013%
- Limonene138-86-312.5%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-87%
- para-Cymene 99-87-64%
- beta-Pinene127-91-32.5%
- Myrcene123-35-32.5%
- trans-Sabinene hydrate 17699-16-00.6%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.5%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.5%
- Camphene 79-92-50.5%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.3%
- Camphor76-22-20.3%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.2%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.05%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.05%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.05%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.03%
- cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.02%
- beta-Fenchol 470-08-60.02%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.01%
Fennel, sweet 1Lawrence, B.M., New Trends in Essential Oils, Perfum. & Flavor., Vol. 5, 10-17 (August/September l980)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-870%
- Fenchone 1195-79-512.9%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-83.7%
- Limonene138-86-33.5%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.8%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-21.1%
- Myrcene123-35-31%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-11%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.7%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.5%
- Camphor76-22-20.3%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.3%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.3%
- Camphene 79-92-50.2%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.1%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.1%
- Linalool78-70-60.1%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.1%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.1%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.05%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.05%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.05%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.05%
Fennel, sweet (Turkey)Akgul, A., Studies on the Essential Oils from Turkish fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare M. var. dulce) (average concentrations oils 2 yrs., 8 locations), in: Progress in Essential Oils, Edit. E.-J. Brunke, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 487-489 (1986)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-880%
- Limonene138-86-36%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-04.5%
- Fenchone 1195-79-52%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-51%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.8%
- Myrcene123-35-30.5%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.5%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.5%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.4%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.3%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.3%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.25%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.2%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.2%
- Linalool78-70-60.15%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.1%
- Octanal124-13-00.1%
- Carvone 99-49-00.1%
- Citral5392-40-50.1%
- Nonanal124-19-60.05%
- Camphor76-22-20.05%
- Linalyl acetate115-95-70.05%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.04%
- Camphene 79-92-50.02%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.02%
- Decanal112-31-20.02%
- Citronellal106-23-00.02%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.01%
- Fenchol1632-73-10.01%
Fennel, sweet (China)Li, C.-Y., and Wan, A.Y., Chemical constituents of the essential oil from Chinese Xiaohuixang and their processed products, Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi, Vol. 9, 336-339 (1989)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-867.72%
- Fenchone 1195-79-58.82%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-06.21%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-65.01%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-52.89%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-42.29%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.68%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.8%
- Myrcene123-35-30.64%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.58%
- Camphor76-22-20.4%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.36%
- Camphene 79-92-50.19%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.15%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.09%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.04%
Fennel, sweet 4Jean, F.I., Collin, G.J., Lord, D., Allaire, J., and Gagnon, D., Extraction au four Micro-ondes des diverses plantes cultivees et spontanees (hydrodistilled oil), Rivista Ital. EPPOS (Numero Speciale), 504-510 (1991)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-855.5%
- Limonene138-86-335.7%
- Myrcene123-35-31.19%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-41.13%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-41.06%
- Fenchone 1195-79-50.78%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.75%
- Germacrene D 23986-74-50.36%
- beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.33%
Fennel, sweet 3Jean, F.I., Collin, G.J., Lord, D., Allaire, J., and Gagnon, D., Extraction au four Micro-ondes des diverses plantes cultivees et spontanees (microwave extracted oil), Rivista Ital. EPPOS, (Numero Speciale), 504-510 (1991)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-878.6%
- Limonene138-86-314.8%
- Fenchone 1195-79-51.14%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.4%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.37%
- Myrcene123-35-30.01%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
Fennel, sweet (Russia)Ivanov., K., Georgiev, E., Maneva, D., Popov, D., and Stamatova, V., Changes in fennel oil during storage in the presence of heavy metals (average concentrations of uneffected 4 oils), Nauchni-Tr.-Vissh. Inst. Khranit. Vkusova Prom.-st., (Plovdiv), Vol. 35, 35-46 (1988)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-879.2%
- Myrcene123-35-38.3%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-05.4%
- Fenchone 1195-79-51.6%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-61.4%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-81.3%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-51%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.5%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.5%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.45%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.3%
- Camphene 79-92-50.1%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.01%
Fennel, sweet (Italy) 2Piccaglia, R., and Marotti, M., Characterization of Several Aromatic Plants Grown in Northern Italy, Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 8, 115-122 (1993)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-887.08%
- Limonene138-86-34.7%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-13.47%
- Fenchone 1195-79-52.12%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.37%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.25%
- Myrcene123-35-30.17%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.12%
- Camphor76-22-20.04%
- Menthone 0.01%
- Menthol89-78-10.01%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
- Linalool78-70-60.01%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.01%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.01%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.01%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.01%
- Camphene 79-92-50.01%
Fennel, sweet 2Formacek, V., & K.-H. Kubeczka, Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, pp. 93-114, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1982)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-858.12%
- Limonene138-86-321.03%
- Fenchone 1195-79-57.99%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.28%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-21.96%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-81.5%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.97%
- Myrcene123-35-30.87%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.73%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.68%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.59%
- alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.45%
- Linalool78-70-60.35%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.31%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.29%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.26%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.25%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.23%
- Camphene 79-92-50.2%
- delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.16%
- Camphor76-22-20.16%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.13%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.1%
- (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.1%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.1%
- beta-Fenchene 33404-67-00.06%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.03%
Fennel, sweet (Italy) 1Marotti, M., and Piccaglia, R., The Influence of Distillation Conditions on the Essential Oil Composition of Three Varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (average of 7 samples), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 4, 569-576 (Nov/Dec 1992)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-888.5%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-03.6%
- Limonene138-86-33.5%
- Fenchone 1195-79-51.5%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-51%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.25%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.25%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.2%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.15%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.1%
- cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.1%
- Camphor76-22-20.08%
- Myrcene123-35-30.05%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.05%
- (Z)-Anethole 25679-28-10.05%
- trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.05%
- Fenchyl acetate 13851-11-10.03%
- Camphene 79-92-50.02%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.02%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.02%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
- trans-Carveol 1197-07-50.02%
- Carvone 99-49-00.01%
Fennel, sweet (Spain)Zygadlo, J.A., et al., Empleo de aceites esenciales como antioxidantes naturales, Grasas Aceites, Vol. 46, 285-288 (1995)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-870%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-05%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-83.2%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-22.9%
- Limonene138-86-32%
- Citral5392-40-51.5%
- Carvacrol99-75-21.3%
- Fenchone 1195-79-51.1%
Fennel, pepper (Turkey)Dogan, A., Bayrak, A., and Akgul, A., Studies on the essential oil of the seed of Pepper fennel (Foenilicum vulgare Mill. var. piperitum), Ankara Univ. Ziraat Fak. Yilligi, pp. 314-319 (1986)
- Methyl chavicol140-67-073.07%
- Fenchone 1195-79-518.16%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-82.13%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-21.8%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.24%
- Limonene138-86-31%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.76%
- Camphor76-22-20.48%
- Camphene 79-92-50.33%
- p-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-90.22%
- Myrcene123-35-30.2%
- Linalool78-70-60.1%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.06%
- alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.05%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.05%
- Linalyl acetate115-95-70.04%
- Nonanal124-19-60.03%
- Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.03%
- Thujone (unknown isomer) 471-15-80.01%
Fennel, pepper (France)Badoc, A., G. Deffieux, A. Lamarti, G. Bourgois & J.-P. Carde, Essential Oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel) subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Cout. Fruit (average of 2 analyses: plants from Cannes & Meze), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 6, 333-336 (1994)
- Limonene138-86-354.65%
- Piperitenone oxide 5945-46-017.85%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-48.6%
- Terpinolene586-62-97.35%
- para-Cymene 99-87-65.55%
- Myrcene123-35-30.85%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-80.7%
- Piperitenone 491-09-80.7%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.6%
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-80.35%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.3%
- Fenchone 1195-79-50.3%
Fennel, pepper (Portugal)Cavaleiro, C.M.F., O.L. Roque & A. Proenca da Cunha, Contribution for the Characterization of Portuguese Fennel Chemotypes (3 chemotypes: anethole/anethole & fenchone/anethole & methyl chavicol), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 5 (2), 223-225 (Mar/Apr 1993)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-850%
- Fenchone 1195-79-520%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-015%
- 1,8-Cineole470-82-63%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-82.7%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-21.85%
- Limonene138-86-31.55%
- beta-Pinene127-91-31.15%
- para-Cymene 99-87-60.8%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.8%
- Camphene 79-92-50.3%
- Myrcene123-35-30.2%
- alpha-Fenchol 2217-02-90.2%
Fennel, bitter (Lithuania)Venskutonis, P.R., Dapkevicius, A., and van Beek, T.A., Essential Oils of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) from Lithuanaia (essential oil from flowering parts), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 8, 211-213 (Mar/Apr 1996)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-852.6%
- Fenchone 1195-79-515.6%
- Limonene138-86-310.35%
- alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-26.15%
- alpha-Pinene80-56-84.07%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-02.73%
- Myrcene123-35-31.25%
- para-Cymene 99-87-61.2%
- alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.8%
- beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.8%
- (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.77%
- beta-Pinene127-91-30.33%
- Germacrene D 23986-74-50.32%
- Anisaldehyde123-11-50.3%
- Sabinene3387-41-50.22%
- Camphor76-22-20.21%
- beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.15%
- Camphene 79-92-50.13%
- delta-Cadinene 483-76-10.12%
- Terpinolene586-62-90.1%
Fennel, bitter (Uzbekistan)Baser, K.H.C., et al., Essential Oils of Mediasa macrophylla (Regel et Schmalh.) Pimen. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. from Uzbekistan, J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 9, 249-250 (Mar/Apr 1997)
- (E)-Anethole4180-23-887.33%
- Fenchone 1195-79-58.03%
- Methyl chavicol140-67-03.24%
- Limonene138-86-30.78%
- gamma-Terpinene99-85-40.39%
Sources: Published studies indexed by Essential Oil University (EOUdb). Constituent harmonisation and calculations by Fraterworks.
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Fennel Seed Oil