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    Bergamot “Superior” Oil, FCF

    Bergamot “Superior” Oil, FCF

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    Manufacturer: Retains its vibrant colour and citrus freshness. Used by the house of Creed, Dior, Guerlain and more! No furocoumarins so it's safe for the skin.

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    “This is the finest example of FCF I have smelled by far.”
    Maison Dangre    Bergamot “Superior” Oil, FCF Customer

    🍊Citrus Suite | Essential Oils

    CAS: 68648-33-9
    Variety: Citrus bergamia, RISSO et POITEAU Classification: Top Note[i]

    CAPUA 1880's Calabrian bergamot oil FCF (furocoumarin* free) is produced using a highly specialised cold extraction process that removes restricted furocoumarins (including bergapten) without any damage to the oil. Because of the process used, this bergamot oil remains 100% natural. There is no doubt this is one of the highest quality FCF bergamot oils on the market and the closest to the classic pure and natural oil. It is so good it even retains some of its true colour!

    Most furocoumarin free bergamot from other suppliers is modified with a chemical process involving caustic soda; as a result the oil is often damaged to a point that while it may still smell of bergamot, it lacks much of the beauty of pure bergamot oil. Furthermore, caustic treated oil may often not be considered natural.

    You will not find a finer and more true to the classic Italian green bergamot oil than Fraterworks' bergaptene free Bergamot “Superior” Oil. Our oil can't be beaten, and neither can our price!

    * Furocoumarins (or furanocoumarins) are a type of molecule that react with human DNA in the skin, causing changes which makes the skin extremely sensitive to sun damage. Some common furocoumarins are bergapten, bergamottin, psoralen, and xanthotoxin.

    Odour Impact Scale [i]
    Strength 5 · Impact 4
     
     
     
    10 5 0 5 10
    Strength Impact

    Bergamot “Superior” Oil, FCF shows balanced behaviour with moderate strength (5/10) and proportional impact in blends (4/10). Versatile and predictable to work with.

    Country of Origin
    Italy
    IFRA 51
    66.666667% in finished product (Cat. 4)
    Odour Family
    Citrus
    Appearance
    Pale yellow liquid
    Longevity
    Lasts 4 hours on a smelling strip.
    Alternative Names
    Bergamot - Essential Oil (BF) - Calabria, IT; Bergamot Oil, Bergaptene Free, Bergamot FCF
    INCI Name
    CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA FRUIT OIL
    Odour Profile

    Bright, fruity-sweet citrus without phototoxic components.

    Uses

    Essential in skin-safe fine fragrance formulations, especially for citruses, colognes, fougères, and chypres requiring the bergamot signature.

    Fraterworks® is strictly a reseller of this product and is neither an agent nor official distributor for Capua 1880, and is not affiliated with or endorsed by them.

    General Information

    Like most suppliers and makers of quality raw materials for fragrances, we do not filter many of our products. This ensures that no odiferous matter is lost prior to use but can result in the appearance of small particles or slight clouding.

    All alcoholic fragrances should be macerated for up to a month and then chilled in a moderate freezer overnight before being filtered fine. This will remove all cloudiness or detritus and is the industry norm.

    IFRA Standards

    Permitted amounts in finished product:

    IFRA 51: 66.666667%
    IFRA 49: 66.6%

    These are derived from calculated concentrations which do not replace chromatographic quantification on individual lots. Disclaimer...

    For Trade Use Only

    Our products are intended as building blocks in the perfume creation process; they are not to be applied to the skin undiluted.

    These raw materials are for use by the perfumery trade only.

    View full details
    Request SDS IFRA 51 EU Allergens Spec
    From our research lab

    Usage in Perfumery

    Bergamot “Superior” Oil, FCF appears in 2% of the perfumes we have analysed, at a median of 6.69% of the concentrate.

    6.69% Median use in perfumes6.67% in bases
    7.92% Average use10.17% in bases
    tr. Minimum observed0.04% in bases
    35% Maximum observed55.35% in bases
    Odour
    Citrus, fresh, floral, orange, sweet
    Family
    Citrus
    Common dilutions
    10%
    Substantivity
    4 hours on a smelling strip
    Often used alongside
    Found in these perfumes

    Free formulasRex Flores (35%), VBNA Homme (30%), Creed Royal Oud (28%), Royal Vetyver (26.5%), Mitsouko (20%), Fougère Royale (20%), Nishane Ani (18%), Iris Gris (16%), Bel Respiro (15%), Chanel Égoïste (15%), Vetiver Tommaso (13%), Visa 2007 (12.5%), Dior Dior (12%), Aventus 17Y01 (12%), Femme Fatale (12%), Fougere Classique (12%), Savage Leather 740645 (12%), Bluish Dusk 472677 (12%), Kayak (11.9%), Clive Christian 1872 Men (11.88%), Cuir Cannage (10%), Aventus Vintage (10%), Black Dress (10%), Creed Green Irish Tweed (10%), Opium Pour Homme (9.99%), Twilight Fern (8.91%), Santa Maria Novella Caprifoglio (8.57%), Zen Original (8.5%), Gabriella (8.25%), At The Barber’s (8%), Réplique (8%), Tabu (8%), Fahrenheit (8%), My 7 (8%), Creed Millésime Impérial (8%), Musk Ravageur (8%), 212 VIP (7.5%), Chypre (7.5%), Angelhead (7.2%), Nuit de Chine (7.01%), Arethusa (7%), Blooming Bouquet (2014) (7%), Eau de Protection (6.67%), White Tabac (6%), Après L'Ondée (5.5%), Love Green (5.5%), Spice Bomb (5%), Parfums de Marly Delina (5%), F*** Fabulous (5%), Chinoiserie (5%), Nuit de Paris (5%), Terra Firma (5%), Terre d'Hermès (5%), Cheops (4.82%), Ernesto (4.5%), The One EDP (4.5%), Rallet Le № 1 (4%), Amouage Memoir (3%), Dior Rouge Trafalgar (3%), Gris Dior (2.5%), Twirly (2.5%), Brut (2%), Homme Privé (2%), Ganymede (1.5%), Chanel Sycomore (1.5%), Amouage Orris Wakan (1.24%), Bois Précieux (1.23%), Arpège (1%), Bois d’Argent (1%), Shocking (0.7%), Diorissimo (0.5%), Nomenclature Adr-ett (0.406%), Sora Dora Jany (0.3%), Nishane Nefs (0.3%)

    Creative FormulasLe Lion (> 10%), Afternoon Swim, Imagination, Layton, LV Lovers, Absinth, Acqua di G. Pour Homme, Allure Homme Sport Eau Extrême, Allure Homme, Ambra Calabria, Apex, APOM, Aqua Media Cologne Forte, Aqua Universalis Forte, Bad Boy Le Parfum, Bad Boy, Bamboo Harmony, Bel Ami Vetiver, Bois du Portugal, Bois Mystérieux, C.H. Men Swing, Cactus Garden, Cedro di Taormina, Chrome Aqua, City of Stars, Coach Platinum, Colonia Essenza, Colonia Pura, Colonia, Concentré d'Orange Verte, D. Homme Intense, D. Homme Sport 2021, Deep Blue, Eau S., Fiero, Frenchy Lavande, Gyan, Habdan, Himalaya, Imperium, Interlude Black Iris, Interlude Man, L'Heure de Nuit, L'Homme à la Rose, L'Homme Ideal EDP, M7 Oud Absolu, Météore, MYSLF Le Parfum, Néroli Outrenoir, Neroli Portofino Acqua, Neroli Portofino Forte, Neroli Portofino Parfum, Nuit de Cellophane, On The Beach, Oud Zarian, P. EST. 67, Percival, Petit Matin, Pour Monsieur, Renaissance, Rive d’Ambre, Royal Mayfair, Royal Princess Oud, Royal Water, Sauvage EDT, Silver Mountain Water, Spring Flower 2023, The One Gold for Men, Tonka Impériale, Torino21, Torino22, Uden Overdose, Very Good Girl Glam, Vetiver Extraordinaire, Vetiver Parfum Cologne, Virgin Island Water, Wild Vetiver, Wood & Spices, Y EDP Intense, Y Le Parfum, Yuzu EDP, Cologne Indélébile (0.1–10%), Le Male Elixir, Althaïr, Grand Soir, 1 Million Golden Oud, 1 Million Lucky, 1 Million Royal, 1872 for Men, 1932 EDP, 1957, 212 Men, 212 Sexy Men, A*Men Fantasm, A*Men Pure Malt, Accento, Acqua di G. Absolu Instinct, Acqua di G. Absolu, Acqua di G. Essenza, Acqua di G. Profondo Lights, Acqua di G. Profondo, Acqua di G. Profumo, African Leather, Alien Goddess, Allure Homme Édition Blanche, Allure Homme Sport Cologne, Allure Homme Sport Superleggera, Allure Homme Sport, Amber Absolute, Amber Pour Homme Intense, Amber Pour Homme, Ambre Narguile, Amore Caffè, Amyris Femme, Amyris Homme, Angel Elixir, Angel Fantasm, Angels' Share On The Rocks, Angels' Share Paradis, Angels' Share, Aoud Exclusif, Aoud Parfum, Apple Brandy on the Rocks, Aqua Allegoria Herba Fresca, Arabians, Arm. Night for Him Vintage, Artisan, Atlantide, Atomic Rose, Attrape-Rêves, Au Coeur du Désert, Au Hasard, Audace, Azaran, Bad Boy Extreme, Bal D'Afrique, Baraonda, Beach Hut Man, Beach Walk, Beige, Bergamotto di Calabria, Birds of Paradise, Bitter Peach, Black Caviar, Black Lacquer, Black Opium Over Red, Black Opium, Black Orchid Reserve, Black Vanilla, Bleu EDP, Bleu EDT, Bleu Parfum, Blonde Amber, Blue Moon Ginger Dash, Bois des Iles, Bois Marocain 2022, Bois Pacifique, Boss in Motion, Boundless, Boy, Bright Crystal, Burlington 1819, C.K. One Vintage, Café Rosé, California Dream, Carios, Carnal Flower, Cedrat Boise, Champaca Absolute, Cherry Cherry, Chloé EDP, Chrome, Citrus Riviera, Coach Men, Code EDP, Code For Women, Code Profumo, Code, Colonia Intensa, Colonia Oud, Colonia Sandalo, Comète, Costa Azzurra Parfum, Costa Azzurra, Crab Apple Blossom, Cuir de Russie, D. Homme Original, Danger Parfum Cologne, Danger Pour Homme Parfum, Debaser in Bloom, Debaser, Decision, Dejan, Deziro, Diaghilev, Divin'Enfant, Drakkar Noir, Dylan Blue, Eau de Citron Noir, Eau de Gentiane Blanche, Eau des Merveilles Bleue, Eau des Merveilles, Eau Duelle EDT, Eau S. Extreme 2010, Ébène Fumé, EGE, Electric Cherry, Elixir Pour Femme EDP, Elysium Eau Intense, Elysium Noir, Elysium Parfum Cologne, Enclave, Encre Indigo, Encre Noire A L'Extreme, English Pear & Freesia, Enigma Pour Homme, Eragon, Erba Gold, Erba Leather, Erolfa, Eros EDP, Eternity for Men, Euphoria for Women, Fantomas, Fico di Amalfi, Figment Man, Fleur Narcotique, Fleurs De Gardenia, Flowerbomb, Forbidden Games, Fougère d’Argent, Fougère Platine, From the Garden, Fucking Fabulous, Gardénia Antigua, Gentle Fluidity Silver, Gold Incense, Gold Man, Golden Dallah, Guerl. Vetiver (Vintage), Guerl. Vetiver Parfum, Habit Rouge Parfum, Hacivat X, Halfeti Cedar, Haltane, Haute Luxe, Herba Fresca, Honeysuckle & Davana, Honour Man, Idôle, Indian Leather, Individuel, Infusion de Gingembre, Intense Red Tobacco, Interlude Woman, Invictus Aqua, Invictus Parfum, Invictus, Isola Blu, Isola Snow, Isola Sol, Italian Cypress, J! Homme, J'Adore, Jimmy C. Man, Journey Man, Journey Woman, Joy, K. Flower EDT, K. Flower, K. Homme Intense, Kelly Calèche EDP, Kuhuyan, L’Air du Désert Marocain Noir, L'Eau d'I. Noir Ambré, L’Eau d’I. Pour Homme EDP, L'Eau d'I. Pour Homme, L'Eau Papier, L'Immensité, L'Orpheline, La Belle Paradise Garden, La Capitale, La Fille de Berlin, La Nuit de L'Homme Bleu Électrique, La Nuit de L'Homme, La Vie Est Belle, Lady Million Privé, Lady Million, Lanv. for Men Vintage, Lazy Sunday Morning, Le Beau Le Parfum, Le Jardin de Monsieur Li, Le Male in Blue, Libre, Light Blue Eau Intense, Lira, Love Don't Be Shy, Love Hibiscus, Love in White, Lucky, Lumière Noire Pour Femme, Luna Rossa Carbon, Luna Rossa Ocean Le Parfum, Luna Rossa Ocean, Luna Rossa Sport 2024, Luna Rossa Sport, Manhattan, Megamare, Metallique, Midnight in Paris EDP, Miel de Bois, Millésime 1849, Million Gold for Her, Montabaco Intensivo, More Than Words, Moss Breches, Mousse De Chêne 30, Musc Ravageur, Muscs Koublaï Khan, Musk Therapy, Muskaria, N°18, N°22, N°5 EDP, Narciso For Her, Naxos, Neroli Portofino, Nio, Noir, Oajan, Oceania, Office for Men, Olympéa Blossom, One Shock for Him, Opus VII Reckless Leather, Opus XIV Royal Tobacco, Oriana, Oud & Bergamot, Oud Bleu Intense, Oud EDP, Oud for Happiness, Oud Ispahan, Oud Minérale, Oud Noir Intense, P. Green, P. L'Homme, P. Sport, P.33, Paragon, Pegasus Exclusif, Perseus, Phantom, Platinum Égoïste, Playing With The Devil, Plum Japonais, Poison Girl, Polo Green, Pure Oud, Pure XS, Purpose 50, Purpose, Red Tobacco, Rehab, Richwood, Rose 31, Rose Exposed, Rose Of No Man's Land, Rose Prick, Rouge Chaotique, Rouge Malachite, Rouge Smoking Extrait, Sadonaso, Safari for Men, Sahraa, Sandalo, Sauvage Elixir, Scandal Parfum Cologne, Scandal Pour Homme Absolu, Silver Black, Silver Man, Single Malt, Sirène, Smoking Hot, Sole di Positano, Soleil Blanc, Soleil Neige, Soprano, Spiritueuse Double Vanille, Steamed Rainbow, Stronger With You Parfum, Sublime Vanille, Supreme Cashmere, Supreme Leather, Symphonium, Terre Eau Tres Fraiche, Terroni, The Most Wanted, Thé Noir 29, Tobacco Honey, Torino23, Town & Country 2023, Town & Country, Toy Boy, Tubereuse 40, Tuxedo, Un Jardin Apres La Mousson, Un Jardin Sur Le Toit, Uncut Gem, Up To The Moon, Velvet Orchid Lumière, Via Cavour I, Vibrato, Viking, Virēre, Vodka on the Rocks, White Patchouli, Wonderoud, Wonderwood, Y EDP, Y Elixir, Yatagan, You Or Someone Like You, YSL L'Homme L'intense, Oud for Greatness (< 0.1%), Les Sables Roses, Cherry Oud, Deep Ocean Amber, Encelade, High Frequency, Hindu Kush, Love in Black, Noir de Noir, Nouveau Monde, Oud Silk Mood EDP, Parfum De La Nuit 3, Pegasus, Qatar, Ristretto Intense Café, Velvet Haze

    Also known by 32 other names

    Bergamot Oil Bergaptene Free; Bergamot - Essential Oil (BF) - Calabria; IT; Bergamot Oil; Bergaptene Free; Bergamot FCF; bergamot B.F oil organic; bergamot EO-hiXform; bergamot ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet); bergamot essential oil BF; bergamot italy BF essential oil; bergamot oil (bergaptene free) italy, calabria organic; bergamot oil B.F.; bergamot oil bergaptene free FCC; bergamot oil bergaptene free italy; bergamot oil bergaptene reduced; bergamot oil bergaptene reduced (citrus aurantium var. bergamia wright et arn.) italy; bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy; bergamot oil italian bergaptene free; bergamot oil psoralen reduced italy; bergamot oil rectified ivory coast; bergamot oil, B.F.; bergamot oil, bergaptene free colorless; bergamot orange oil bergaptene reduced italy; bergamote SS bergaptene deco eo; bergamote SS bergaptene ess select 01; citrus aurantium bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy; citrus aurantium var. bergamia peel oil bergaptene reduced italy; citrus bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy; citrus x bergamia peel oil psoralen reduced italy; oil bergamot italian rectified, furo coumarin reduced; volatile oil obtained from the peel of citrus aurantium bergamia, rutaceae, bergaptene reduced

    Statistics drawn from published GCMS analyses, commercial and demonstration formulas. References to third-party perfumes, brand names and trade marks are solely for identification and comparison. Formulas not made, supplied, licensed, authorised, sponsored or endorsed by the manufacturer or trade mark owner.

    From the published literature

    What Bergamot is made of

    A Fraterworks analysis of the published chemical compositions of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, showing the median and observed range of each constituent across 47 studies.

    Fraterworks Composition Combined from 47 published analyses — median and observed range
    Constituent CAS Median Range
    Limonene (total isomers) 138-86-3 37.2% 0.63–64.58%
    Linalyl acetate 115-95-7 29.12% 1.41–51.64%
    Linalool 78-70-6 13.36% 1.32–78.84%
    gamma-Terpinene 99-85-4 5.56% 0.01–12.6%
    beta-Pinene 127-91-3 5.11% 0.01–12.34%
    Terpinen-1-ol 586-82-3 1.6% 1.6%
    Myrcene 123-35-3 1.06% 0.36–5.1%
    alpha-Pinene 80-56-8 0.96% 0.01–7.07%
    Sabinene 3387-41-5 0.72% 0.01–1.32%
    Bisabolene (unknown isomer) 0.56% 0.43–0.77%
    2-Phenylethanol 60-12-8 0.5% 0.5%
    beta-Ocimene 13877-91-3 0.48% 0.12–1.54%
    Neryl acetate 141-12-8 0.475% 0.01–3%
    Geranyl acetate 105-87-3 0.465% 0.06–4.32%
    beta-Bisabolene 495-61-4 0.43% 0.01–1.43%
    beta-Phellandrene 555-10-2 0.31% 0.04–0.7%
    Bergamotene (unknown isomer) 0.3% 0.29–0.32%
    meta-Cymene 535-77-3 0.3% 0.3%
    para-Cymene 99-87-6 0.28% 0.01–3.61%
    alpha-Bergamotene (total isomers) 13474-59-4 0.275% 0.01–0.86%
    beta-Caryophyllene 87-44-5 0.27% 0.01–0.93%
    beta-Ocimene (total isomers) 3338-55-4 0.27% 0.01–4.2%
    Terpinolene 586-62-9 0.26% 0.01–1.16%
    Geranial 141-27-5 0.25% 0.01–3.15%
    trans-beta-Bergamotene 15438-94-5 0.23% 0.01–0.91%
    Neral 106-26-3 0.225% 0.01–0.84%
    Pentadecane 629-62-9 0.21% 0.06–0.21%
    alpha-Thujene 3917-48-4 0.2% 0.01–0.36%
    Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (unknown) 0.19% 0.19–0.2%
    alpha-Terpinene 99-86-5 0.17% 0.01–7.7%
    delta-Cadinene 483-76-1 0.17% 0.01–0.33%
    alpha-Terpinyl acetate 80-26-2 0.165% 0.01–5.79%
    Bergaptene 3380-68-5 0.155% 0.11–0.2%
    Methyl cinnamate 103-26-4 0.12% 0.02–0.19%
    Octyl acetate 112-14-1 0.115% 0.02–0.2%
    alpha-Terpineol 98-55-5 0.11% 0.03–7.89%
    3,7-Dimethyl-1-octenediol-3,7 29210-77-3 0.1% 0.1%
    beta-Farnesene (total isomers) 18794-84-8 0.1% 0.01–0.57%
    Citroptene 487-06-9 0.1% 0.1%
    Linalyl formate 115-99-1 0.1% 0.1%
    Octadienyl formate (unknown isomer) 0.1% 0.1%
    trans-8-Hydroxylinalool 75991-61-6 0.1% 0.01–0.2%
    Citronellyl acetate 150-84-5 0.09% 0.01–0.42%
    Esters (unknown structure) 0.09% 0.09%
    Nerol 106-25-2 0.09% 0.01–1.92%
    Solanone 1937-54-8 0.09% 0.08–0.1%
    Carvone 99-49-0 0.07% 0.01–0.13%
    Decanal 112-31-2 0.07% 0.01–0.91%
    Nootkatone 4674-50-4 0.07% 0.04–0.5%
    Sabinene hydrate acetate (total isomers) O87553-42-2 0.07% 0.05–0.09%
    4-Thujanol 546-79-2 0.06% 0.06%
    Pulegol 529-02-2 0.06% 0.06%
    Farnesene (unknown isomer) 97885-54-6 0.05% 0.05%
    Farnesol (unknown isomer) 4602-84-0 0.05% 0.05%
    gamma-Muurolene 30021-74-0 0.05% 0.05%
    Geraniol 106-24-1 0.05% 0.01–22.51%
    dihydro-Linalool 18479-51-1 0.04% 0.01–0.07%
    gamma-Heptalactone 105-21-5 0.04% 0.04%
    Linalyl propionate 144-39-8 0.04% 0.03–0.04%
    Nonanal 124-19-6 0.04% 0.01–0.12%
    Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-3 0.04% 0.01–0.11%
    Sabinene hydrate (total isomers) 17699-16-0 0.04% 0.01–0.07%
    Germacrene D 23986-74-5 0.035% 0.01–0.1%
    alpha-Humulene 6753-98-6 0.03% 0.01–0.9%
    alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-2 0.03% 0.01–1.99%
    Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-3 0.03% 0.02–0.05%
    Camphene 79-92-5 0.03% 0.01–0.3%
    Dodecane 112-40-3 0.03% 0.03%
    Octanal 124-13-0 0.03% 0.02–0.11%
    Terpinen-4-ol 562-74-3 0.03% 0.01–2.53%
    Decyl acetate 112-17-4 0.025% 0.01–0.12%
    1-Nonanol 143-08-8 0.02% 0.01–0.02%
    Borneol 507-70-0 0.02% 0.02%
    Campherenol 18530-03-5 0.02% 0.01–0.2%
    Carveol (total isomers) 1197-06-4 0.02% 0.02%
    cis-Linalool oxide (unknown isomer) 0.02% 0.02–0.07%
    Citronellal 106-23-0 0.02% 0.01–0.1%
    Citronellol 106-22-9 0.02% 0.01–3.27%
    Citronellyl formate 105-85-1 0.02% 0.02%
    delta-3-Carene 13466-78-9 0.02% 0.01–2.04%
    Dodecanal 112-54-9 0.02% 0.01–0.16%
    Geranyl formate 105-86-2 0.02% 0.02%
    Hexanal 66-25-1 0.02% 0.02%
    Lavandulol 498-16-8 0.02% 0.02%
    Limonene-1,2-epoxide (total isomers) 6909-30-4 0.02% 0.02%
    Linalool oxide (5) (furanoid) (total isomers) 34995-77-2 0.02% 0.02–0.07%
    Nerolidol (total isomers) 40716-66-3 0.02% 0.01–0.23%
    Nonyl acetate 143-13-5 0.02% 0.01–0.05%
    alpha-Bisabolol 515-69-5 0.015% 0.01–0.1%
    Hexyl acetate 142-92-7 0.015% 0.01–0.2%
    p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (total isomers) 7212-40-0 0.015% 0.01–0.02%
    (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene 502-61-4 0.01% 0.01–0.02%
    (E)-2-Decenal 3913-81-3 0.01% 0.01%
    (E)-2-Hexenal 6728-26-3 0.01% 0.01%
    (E)-2-Hexenol 928-95-0 0.01% 0.01%
    (Z)-3-Hexenol 928-96-1 0.01% 0.01–1.02%
    1-Decanol 112-30-1 0.01% 0.01%
    1-Dodecanol 112-53-8 0.01% 0.01%
    1-Hexanol 111-27-3 0.01% 0.01%
    1-Octanol (total isomers) 111-87-5 0.01% 0.01%
    Bergamot (Argentina) 1Drescher, R.W. et al., Evaluacion de la calidad perfum. del aceite esencial de Citrus bergamia Risso (Bergamota) cultivada en la E.E.A. Inta Concordia (Entre Rios mision), Essenze Deriv. Agrum., Vol. 54, 192-199 (1984)

    16 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Argentina) 2Drescher, R.W. et al., Evaluacion de la calidad perfum. del aceite esencial de Citrus bergamia Risso (Bergamota) cultivada en la E.E.A. Inta Concordia (Entre Rios mision), Essenze Deriv. Agrum., Vol. 54, 192-199 (1984)

    14 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 3Calvarano, G., Rafanelli, G., and Di Giacomo, A., Sulla caratteriche di un essenza di bergamotto ottenuta dat frutti prodotti in Tosc., Essenze Deriv. Agrum. vol. 54, 220-227 (1984)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 5Huang, Y.-Z., Wen, M.-Z., Xiao, S.-C., Zhao, H., and Ren, W.J., Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Citrus bergamia Risso (steam-distilled oil), Acta Bot. Sinica, Vol. 29, 77-83 (1987)

    38 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 2Huang, Y.-Z., Wen, M.-Z., Xiao, S.-C., Zhao, H., and Ren, W.J., Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Citrus bergamia Risso (simultaneous steam-distilled and extracted oil), Acta Bot. Sinica, Vol. 29, 77-83 (1987)

    40 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 3Huang, Y.-Z., Wen, M.-Z., Xiao, S.-C., Zhao, H., and Ren, W.J., Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Citrus bergamia Risso (cold solvent extracted oil), Acta Bot. Sinica, Vol. 29, 77-83 (1987)

    38 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 4Huang, Y.-Z., Wen, M.-Z., Xiao, S.-C., Zhao, H., and Ren, W.J., Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Citrus bergamia Risso (cold pressed oil), Acta Bot. Sinica, Vol. 29, 77-83 (1987)

    38 constituents reported

    Bergamot (France, Corsica)Huet, R., Etude comparative de l'huile essentielle de bergamote provenant d'Italie, de Corse et de Cote d'Ivoire, Rivista Ital., Vol. 63, 310-313 (1981)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 1Mazza, G., Etude sur la composition aromatique de l'huile ess. de bergamotte (C.aurantium subsp. bergamia Risso et P.Engl.) par chrom. gaz. et spectr. de mass., J. Chromatogr., Vol. 362, 87-99 (1986)

    74 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-338.35%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-726.88%
    • Linalool78-70-69.6%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-47.67%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-35.77%
    • Myrcene123-35-32.04%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.38%
    • Sabinene3387-41-51.26%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.78%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.73%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.62%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.54%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.46%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.36%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.36%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.31%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.27%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.23%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.21%
    • Neral 106-26-30.19%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.18%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.1%
    • Farnesene (unknown isomer) 97885-54-60.05%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • trans-Linalool oxide (5) (furanoid) 34995-77-20.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • 3-Acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-5-ol (isomer 2) 83221-21-00.01%
    • 3-Acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-6-ol (isomer 1) 83221-21-00.01%
    • 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,7-dien-3,6-diol 51276-33-60.01%
    • 3-Acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,5-dien-7-ol 41610-77-90.01%
    • 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,5-diene-3,7-diol 13741-21-40.01%
    • (E)-2-Hexenol928-95-00.01%
    • beta-Sesquiphellandrene 20307-83-90.01%
    • 1-Hexanol111-27-30.01%
    • p-2,8-Menthadienol-1 58940-40-20.01%
    • (Z)-3-Hexenol928-96-10.01%
    • cis-Linalool oxide (5) (furanoid) 5989-33-30.01%
    • Epoxy-linalyl acetate (isomer 1) 41610-76-80.01%
    • Epoxy-linalyl acetate (isomer 2) 41610-76-80.01%
    • Hotrienol 20053-88-70.01%
    • 1-Octanol111-87-50.01%
    • 1-Nonanol143-08-80.01%
    • alpha,p-Dimethylstyrene 1195-32-00.01%
    • trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 7212-40-00.01%
    • Alloocimene (unknown isomer) 673-84-70.01%
    • 1-Pentanol 71-41-00.01%
    • 2-Pentanol 6032-29-70.01%
    • cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 3886-78-00.01%
    • delta-Cadinene 483-76-10.01%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.01%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.01%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Nerol106-25-20.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Carvone 99-49-00.01%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.01%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.01%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.01%
    • alpha-Muurolene 31983-22-90.01%
    • beta-Selinene 17066-67-00.01%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.01%
    • alpha-Bisabolene17627-44-00.01%
    • p-Cymen-8-ol 1197-01-90.01%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate 17699-16-00.01%
    • trans-Pinocarveol 547-61-50.01%
    • Myrtenol 515-00-40.01%
    • Caryophyllene oxide1139-30-60.01%
    • 1-Decanol112-30-10.01%
    • Acoradiene (unknown structure) 35944-18-40.01%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.01%
    • cis-Carveol 1197-06-40.01%
    • alpha-Selinene 473-13-20.01%
    • trans-Carveol 1197-07-50.01%
    Bergamot (Italy) 2Huet, R., Etude comparative de l'huile essentielle de bergamote provenant d'Italie, de Corse et de Cote d'Ivoire (Italian), Rivista Ital., Vol. 63, 310-313 (1981)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 3Schenk, H.P., and Lamparsky, D., Analytik von Citrusoelen unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung Bergamottoeles, Seifen-Oele-Fette-Wachse, Vol. 107, 363-370 (1981)

    60 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-333%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-731.3%
    • Linalool78-70-613.45%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-35.7%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-43.7%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-62.7%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81%
    • Sabinene3387-41-51%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.9%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.57%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.46%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.42%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.27%
    • alpha-Bergamotene 17699-05-70.23%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.21%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.13%
    • Nerol106-25-20.1%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.05%
    • 2,3-Epoxy-geranyl acetate 76638-49-80.01%
    • p-1(7),8-Menthadienyl-2 acetate 71660-03-20.01%
    • Terpinen-4-yl acetate 4821-04-90.01%
    • Hotrienyl acetate 53771-60-10.01%
    • Humulene oxide 74282-07-80.01%
    • trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 7212-40-00.01%
    • cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol 29803-82-50.01%
    • trans-Ocimene epoxide 94607-47-30.01%
    • p-Menth-1-en-9-yl acetate 17916-91-50.01%
    • Limonen-10-yl acetate 15111-97-40.01%
    • p-Mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol 3269-90-70.01%
    • Allyl methyl sulfide 10152-76-80.01%
    • Perillyl alcohol 536-59-40.01%
    • cis-/trans-Anhydrolinalooloxides 13679-86-20.01%
    • Humulene epoxide II 19888-34-70.01%
    • Caryophyllenol I 32214-88-30.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • cis-Ocimene epoxide94607-48-40.01%
    • alpha-Santalene 512-61-80.01%
    • 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-1,5,7-octatrienol-3, 38818-60-90.01%
    • 3,7-Dimethyl-cis-1,5,7-octatrienol-3 86286-86-40.01%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.01%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.01%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.01%
    • alpha-Bisabolene17627-44-00.01%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate 17699-16-00.01%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.01%
    • Nerolidol (unknown isomer)7212-44-40.01%
    • alpha-Cadinol 481-34-50.01%
    • ar-Curcumene 4176-17-40.01%
    • Cumin alcohol 536-60-70.01%
    • 2,3-Epoxyneryl acetate 76638-50-10.01%
    • beta-Bisabolol 15352-77-90.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • Isocaryophyllene oxide 0.01%
    • p-Mentha-1,3-dien-7-yl acetate 0.01%
    • p-Mentha-1,7-dien-4-yl acetate 0.01%
    • Lilac aldehyde 67920-63-20.01%
    • p-Menth-1-en-9-ol 18479-68-00.01%
    • Hotrienol 20053-88-70.01%
    Bergamot (Ivory coast: Coci)Huet, R., Etude comparative de l'huile essentielle de bergamote provenant d'Italie, de Corse et de Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast: Coci), Rivista Ital., Vol. 63, 310-313 (1981)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Ivory coast: Diva)Huet, R., Etude comparative de l'huile essentielle de bergamote provenant d'Italie, de Corse et de Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast: Diva), Rivista Ital., Vol. 63, 310-313 (1981)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Tuscan)Calvarano, G., Rafanelli, G., and Di Giacomo, A., Sulla caratteriche di un essenza di bergamotto ottenuta dat frutti produtti in Tosc., Essenze Deriv. Agrum. vol. 54, 220-227 (1984)

    24 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 4Dugo,G., Cotroneo,A., Verzera, A., Donato, M.G., Del Duce, R., Licandro,G., Genuineness Characters of the Calabrian Bergamot Essential Oil (409 samples 1984/85), in: Proceedings 11th Intern. Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours, 12-16 Nov., 1989, New Delhi, India, Vol. 4, 245-264 Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 6, 39-56 (1991)

    43 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 6Dugo,G., Cotroneo,A., Verzera, A., Donato, M.G., Del Duce, R., Licandro,G., Genuineness Characters of the Calabrian Bergamot Essential Oil (230 samples 1986/87), in: Proceedings 11th Intern. Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours, 12-16 Nov., 1989, New Delhi, India, Vol. 4, 245-264; Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 6, 39-56 (1991)

    42 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 5Dugo,G., Cotroneo,A., Verzera, A., Donato, M.G., Del Duce, R., Licandro,G., Genuineness Characters of the Calabrian Bergamot Essential Oil (202 samples 1987/88), in: Proceedings 11th Intern. Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours, 12-16 Nov., 1989, New Delhi, India, Vol. 4, 245-264; Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 6, 39-56 (1991)

    43 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 1Huang, Y.-Z. et al., Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Steam-Distilled Leaf and Peel Oil from Citrus bergamia, Yunnan Zhiwa Yangiu, Vol. 8, 471-476 (1986)

    56 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 1Formacek, V. & K.-H. Kubeczka, Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy pp. 13-20 (Bergamot oil Messina), see title: John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1982)

    20 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 2Formacek, V. & K.-H. Kubeczka, Essential Oils Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy (Bergamot oil Reggio), pp. 13-20, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1982)

    20 constituents reported

    Bergamot leaf (USA)Ortiz, J.M., J. Kumamoto & R.W. Scora, Possible relationships among sour oranges by analysis of their essential oils, Int. Flav. Food Addit., 224-226 (1978)

    20 constituents reported

    Bergamot leaf (Taiwan)Cheng, Y.S. & C.S. Lee, Composition of leaf essential oils from ten Citrus species, Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. B. ROC, Vol. 5, 278-283 (1981)

    25 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Turkey) 1Baser, K.H.C., Oezek, T., and Tutas, M., Composition of Cold-Pressed Bergamot Oil from Turkey, J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 7, 341-342 (May/Jun 1995)

    36 constituents reported

    Bergamot leaf (China)Zhu Liangfeng, Li Yonghua, Li Baoling, Lu Biyao & Zhang Wenlian, Aromatic Plants and Essential Constituents Supplement 1 p. 33, South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hai Feng Publishing Co., Chinese National Node for APINMAP, distributed by Peace Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong (1995)

    38 constituents reported

    Bergamot (China) 6Zhu Liangfeng, Li Yonghua, Li Baoling, Lu Biyao & Zhang Wenlian, Aromatic Plants and Essential Constituents Supplement 1 p. 34, South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hai Feng Publishing Co., Chinese National Node for APINMAP, distributed by Peace Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong (1995)

    49 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 4Verzera, A., Lamonica, G., Mondello, L., Trozzi, A., and Dugo, G., The Composition of Bergamot Oil (overall analysis of 1082 samples 1984-1993), Perf. Flav., Vol 21, 19-34 (Nov/Dec 1996)

    74 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-335%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-728%
    • Linalool78-70-611%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-48.55%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-37.7%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.29%
    • Sabinene3387-41-51.28%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.5%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.5%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.48%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.45%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.4%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.4%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.35%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.34%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.32%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.3%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.23%
    • Neral 106-26-30.23%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.2%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.2%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.18%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.13%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate acetate O87553-42-20.09%
    • Decanal112-31-20.07%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.07%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.07%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.07%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.06%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.05%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.05%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.04%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.04%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.04%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.04%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.04%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.04%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.03%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.03%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.03%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.03%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.03%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.03%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.03%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.02%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.02%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.02%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • epi-beta-Santalene 25532-78-90.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • cis-Linalool oxide (5) (furanoid) 5989-33-30.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • trans-Linalool oxide (5) (furanoid) 34995-77-20.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • 3-Octanol589-98-00.01%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • beta-Elemene 515-13-90.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Nerol106-25-20.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 7Moyler, D.A., Essential Oil Authentication (bergamot oil furocoumarin free), in: Proceedings International Conferecen on Aromas and Essential Oils, Sevilla 97, IFEAT 19-23 October 1997, pp. 63-77

    8 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Turkey) 2Kirbaslar, S.I., Kirbaslar, F.G., and Dramur, U.,, Volatile Constituents of Turkish Bergamot Oil (0.01% = trace), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol 12, 216-220 (Mar/Apr 2000)

    51 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Uruguay)Dellacassa, E., et al.,, Uruguayan Essential Oils. Part V. Composition of Bergamot Oil (0.01% = trace), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 9, 419-426 (Jul/Aug 1997)

    68 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-340.8%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-728.52%
    • Linalool78-70-612.61%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-45.82%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-35.27%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.95%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.5%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.35%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.32%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.31%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.28%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.25%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.25%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.25%
    • trans-beta-Bergamotene 15438-94-50.23%
    • Neral 106-26-30.21%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.21%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.19%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.17%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.12%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.11%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.09%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.07%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.07%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.06%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.06%
    • Decanal112-31-20.05%
    • Nerol106-25-20.05%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.05%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.04%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.04%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.03%
    • Octanal124-13-00.03%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.03%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.03%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.03%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.03%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.03%
    • epi-beta-Santalene 25532-78-90.02%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.02%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.02%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.02%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.02%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.01%
    • 1-Octanol111-87-50.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • delta-Elemene 20307-84-00.01%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Turkey) 3c yellow fruitKirbaslar, F.G., Kirbaslar, S.I., and Dramur, U.,, The Compositions of Turkisch Beramot Oils Produced by Cold-Pressing and Steam Distillation (0.01% = trace) (analysis of mature fruit oil), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 13, 411-415 (November/December 2001)

    47 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Japan) 1Inoma, S., Miyagi, Y., and Akieda, T.,, Chaterization of Citrus oils (mainly orange oil, mandarin oil, tangerine oil) (0.01% = trace), Kanzei Chuo Bunsekishoho, Vol. 29, 87-97 (1989)

    31 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Japan) 2Sawamura, M., et al.,, Volatile components of peel oils of Italian and Japanese lemon and bergamot (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 11, 121-130 (1999)

    44 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 6Sawamura, M., et al.,, Volatile components of peel oils of Italian and Japanese lemon and bergamot (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 11, 1231-130 (1999)

    48 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-335.62%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-729.12%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-38.93%
    • Linalool78-70-68.67%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-46.53%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.45%
    • Sabinene3387-41-51.16%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.97%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.83%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.47%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.47%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.45%
    • alpha-Bergamotene 17699-05-70.3%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.23%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.21%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.19%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.16%
    • Neral 106-26-30.16%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.12%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.11%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.1%
    • Solanone 1937-54-80.1%
    • (E)-beta-Farnesene 18794-84-80.07%
    • Nerol106-25-20.07%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.07%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.04%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.03%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.03%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.03%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.03%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.03%
    • delta-Muurolene 0.01%
    • trans-8-Hydroxylinalool 75991-61-60.01%
    • (E)-2-Decenal3913-81-30.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • (Z)-Nerolidol 3790-78-10.01%
    • Verbenol (unknown isomer) 1845-30-30.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.01%
    • beta-Elemene 515-13-90.01%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Sicily) 1a CastagnaroVerzera, A., La Rosa, G., Zappala, M., and Cotroneo, A.,, Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 12, 493-501 (1999)

    74 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-351%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-726.01%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-47.63%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-37%
    • Linalool78-70-61.32%
    • Myrcene123-35-31.2%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.18%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.41%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.34%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.32%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.32%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.3%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.3%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.28%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.25%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.17%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.16%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.16%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.15%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.13%
    • Neral 106-26-30.13%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.09%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.08%
    • Decanal112-31-20.07%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.06%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.05%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.05%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.05%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.04%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.04%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.04%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.04%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.04%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.03%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.03%
    • Octanal124-13-00.03%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.03%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.03%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.02%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.02%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.02%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.02%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.02%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • 1-Octanol111-87-50.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • delta-Elemene 20307-84-00.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Nerol106-25-20.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Sicily) 1b FantasticoVerzera, A., La Rosa, G., Zappala, M., and Cotroneo, A.,, Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 12, 493-501 (1999)

    74 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-343.5%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-730.91%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-47.07%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-36.5%
    • Linalool78-70-64.93%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.14%
    • Myrcene123-35-31.07%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.39%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.31%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.31%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.3%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.3%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.29%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.27%
    • Neral 106-26-30.26%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.23%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.2%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.2%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.16%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.15%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.15%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.13%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.08%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.08%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.07%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.07%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.06%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.05%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.05%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.05%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.04%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.04%
    • Decanal112-31-20.04%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.03%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.03%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.03%
    • Octanal124-13-00.03%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.02%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.02%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.02%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.02%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.02%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.02%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.02%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.01%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • 1-Octanol111-87-50.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • delta-Elemene 20307-84-00.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Nerol106-25-20.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Sicily) 1c FeminelloVerzera, A., La Rosa, G., Zappala, M., and Cotroneo, A.,, Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 12, 493-501 (1999)

    74 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-340.3%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-736.43%
    • Linalool78-70-69.27%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-44.68%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-33.5%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.96%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-80.75%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.4%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.37%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.3%
    • Neral 106-26-30.29%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.26%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.23%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.21%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.2%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.19%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.18%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.16%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.13%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.1%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.1%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.06%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.05%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.05%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.04%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.04%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.03%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.03%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.03%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.03%
    • Decanal112-31-20.03%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.03%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.02%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.02%
    • Nerol106-25-20.02%
    • Octanal124-13-00.02%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.02%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.02%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.02%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.01%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • 1-Octanol111-87-50.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • beta-Elemene 515-13-90.01%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.01%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Sicily) 1d PCFVerzera, A., La Rosa, G., Zappala, M., and Cotroneo, A.,, Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily, Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 12, 493-501 (1999)

    73 constituents reported

    • Limonene138-86-340.8%
    • Linalyl acetate115-95-736.67%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-46.03%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-35.5%
    • Linalool78-70-64.23%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.96%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-80.9%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.41%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.4%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.39%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.28%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.27%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.26%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.25%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.22%
    • Neral 106-26-30.2%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.17%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.16%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.16%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.16%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.12%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.09%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.08%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.08%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.07%
    • Decanal112-31-20.06%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.04%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.04%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.04%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.04%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.04%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.03%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.03%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.03%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.03%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.02%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.02%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.02%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
    • Octanal124-13-00.02%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.02%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.02%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.01%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • Tetradecanal 124-25-40.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.01%
    • delta-Elemene 20307-84-00.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.01%
    • Camphor76-22-20.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Nerol106-25-20.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy, Calabria) 8Verzera, A., La Rosa, G., Zappala, M., and Cotroneo, A.,, Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily (0.01% = trace), Ital. J. Food Sci., Vol. 12, 493-501 (1999)

    74 constituents reported

    • Linalyl acetate115-95-731.6%
    • Limonene138-86-331%
    • Linalool78-70-613.15%
    • gamma-Terpinene99-85-48.21%
    • beta-Pinene127-91-38%
    • alpha-Pinene80-56-81.24%
    • Myrcene123-35-30.93%
    • Sabinene3387-41-50.5%
    • beta-Phellandrene 555-10-20.4%
    • Neryl acetate141-12-80.38%
    • para-Cymene 99-87-60.36%
    • beta-Bisabolene 495-61-40.36%
    • Terpinolene586-62-90.33%
    • alpha-Thujene 3917-48-40.32%
    • Geranyl acetate105-87-30.31%
    • Geranial 141-27-50.3%
    • beta-Caryophyllene87-44-50.29%
    • trans-alpha-Bergamotene 13474-59-40.26%
    • (E)-beta-Ocimene 3779-61-10.25%
    • Neral 106-26-30.19%
    • alpha-Terpinene 99-86-50.17%
    • alpha-Terpinyl acetate80-26-20.15%
    • Octyl acetate 112-14-10.13%
    • Decanal112-31-20.08%
    • alpha-Terpineol98-55-50.08%
    • Germacrene D 23986-74-50.07%
    • trans-Sabinene hydrate acetate 87553-42-20.07%
    • (Z)-beta-Farnesene 28973-97-90.06%
    • Nootkatone4674-50-40.05%
    • Octanal124-13-00.05%
    • Nonanal124-19-60.04%
    • Nerol106-25-20.04%
    • Camphor76-22-20.04%
    • Linalyl propionate144-39-80.04%
    • Bicyclogermacrene 24703-35-30.03%
    • cis-alpha-Bergamotene 17829-53-70.03%
    • cis-Sabinene hydrate 15537-55-00.03%
    • Dodecanal112-54-90.03%
    • alpha-Phellandrene 99-83-20.03%
    • Camphene 79-92-50.03%
    • (Z)-beta-Ocimene 3338-55-40.03%
    • Terpinen-4-ol562-74-30.02%
    • Perilla aldehyde 2111-75-30.02%
    • Citronellyl acetate150-84-50.02%
    • alpha-Humulene 6753-98-60.02%
    • Decyl acetate112-17-40.02%
    • Nonyl acetate143-13-50.02%
    • 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 110-93-00.01%
    • Isopulegol 7786-67-60.01%
    • 3-Octanol589-98-00.01%
    • Methyl geranate 2349-14-60.01%
    • Germacrene B 15423-57-10.01%
    • Hexyl acetate142-92-70.01%
    • cis-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 4680-24-40.01%
    • trans-Limonene-1,2-epoxide 6909-30-40.01%
    • cis-gamma-Bisabolene 13062-00-50.01%
    • Campherenol 18530-03-50.01%
    • (E,E)-alpha-Farnesene502-61-40.01%
    • beta-Santalene 511-59-10.01%
    • 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbornanol 98205-40-40.01%
    • alpha-Bisabolol515-69-50.01%
    • Heptyl acetate 112-06-10.01%
    • Tetradecanol 112-72-10.01%
    • (E)-Nerolidol 40716-66-30.01%
    • 1-Dodecanol112-53-80.01%
    • beta-Elemene 515-13-90.01%
    • Bornyl acetate 76-49-30.01%
    • 1,8-Cineole470-82-60.01%
    • Citronellal106-23-00.01%
    • Geraniol106-24-10.01%
    • Citronellol106-22-90.01%
    • Undecanal110-41-80.01%
    • delta-3-Carene 13466-78-90.01%
    • Tricyclene 508-32-70.01%
    Bergamot (Italy) 7Russo, Mt., Antonelli, A., and Carnacini, A.,, Experiences wit solid CO2 concentration of bermato cold-pressed essential oil (Citrus bergamia Risso), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 13, 247-249 (2001)

    16 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Turkey) 3a green fruitKirbaslar, F.G., Kirbaslar, S.I., and Dramur, U.,, The Compositions of Turkish Bergamot Oils produced by cold-pressing and Steam Distillation (0.01% = trace) (analysis of green fruit oil), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 13, 411-415 (November/December 2001)

    47 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Turkey) 3b green/yellow fruitKirbaslar, F.G., Kirbaslar, S.I., and Dramur, U.,, The Composition of Turkish Bergamot Oils produced by Cold-pressing and Steam Distillation (0.01% = trace) (analysis of green/yellow fruit oil), J. Essent. Oil Res., Vol. 13, 411-415 (November/December 2001)

    47 constituents reported

    Bergamot 1a peel extractKiwanuka, P., Moltram, D.S., and Baigrie, B.D.,, The effects of processing on the constituents and enantiomeric compositionof bergamot essential oil, in: Flavour and Fragrance Chemistry. Edits., V. Lanzotti and O. Taglialatela-Scafati, 65-75. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Netherlands (2000)

    21 constituents reported

    Bergamot 1b peel hydrodistillateKiwamuka, P., Moltram, D.S., and Balgrie, B.D.,, The effects of processing on the constituents and enantiomeric compositionof bergamot essential oil, in: Flavour and Fragrance Chemistry. Edits., V. Lanzotti and O. Taglialatela-Scafati, 67-75, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Netherlands (2000)

    21 constituents reported

    Bergamot 1c whole fruitKiwanuka, P., Moltram, D.S., and Baigrie, B.D.,, The effects of processing on the constituents and enantiomeric compositionof bergamot essential oil, in: Flavour and Fragrance Chemistry. Edits., V. Lanzotti and O. Taglialatela-Scafati, 67-75, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Netherlands (2000)

    21 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 5a original oilOberhofer, B., Nikiforov, A., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., and Bicchi, C., Investigation of the alteration of the composition of various essential oils used in aroma lamp applications, Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 14, 293-299 (1999)

    20 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 5b headspace of oilOberhofer, B., Nikiforov, A., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., and Bicchi, C.,, Investigation of the alteration of the composition of various essential oils used in aroma lamp applications, Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 14, 293-299 (1999)

    20 constituents reported

    Bergamot (Italy) 5c headspace heated oilOberhofer, B., Nikiforov, A., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., and Bicchi, C.,, Investigation of the alteration of the composition of various essential oils used in aroma lamp applications, Flav. Fragr. J., Vol. 14, 293-299 (1999)

    20 constituents reported

    Sources: Published studies indexed by Essential Oil University (EOUdb). Constituent harmonisation and calculations by Fraterworks.

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    Fraterworks — The Superior Choice

    Fraterworks® offers a carefully curated assortment of finest citrus oils — oils used by the master perfumers of today and yesteryear. We select only the best because only the best will do.

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    General Disclaimer

    (a) Vegan labelling: Where the word “vegan” is used in relation to our products, that indicates that we have not added any animal products to products marked vegan. We do not verify whether any third-party supplier has used animal additives prior to supplying a product to us. We provide products marked vegan “as is” and make no representation as to the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of that claim.

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    Note: Wherever you are a professional perfumer or a hobbyist, we have what you need — from essential oils and absolutes, to bases, perfume chemicals (synthetics), bottles and more. We also offer compounding (contract blend), fragrance formulation, and an artisan lab visit for a guided smelling experience. Please note that we are not selling perfumes and that our materials are for use for perfume creation. We ship all around the world and have customer service that is second to none. We also stock educational kits and sample kits.

    • Regulations

      All of our products are compliant with EU 1223/2009 and the NZCPGS. None of our bases contain prohibited materials and regulatory compliance is possible depending on usage.

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    • IFRA Conformity

      All of our bases can be used in products requiring conformity with the latest IFRA standards. Fraterworks is an official member of IFRA and the FFAANZ.

    • Nitro Musks

      Some of our products may contain small amounts of EU and IFRA compliant musk ketone. We never use musk xylene, musk ambrette or any other prohibited materials.